As providers who specialize in autism and ADHD, we often encounter patterns that go beyond traditional diagnostic frameworks. One such emerging pattern is the frequent co-occurrence of Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) — a group of connective tissue disorders — in individuals who identify as neurodivergent, particularly those with autism and/or ADHD.
While research into this overlap is still developing, clinical observations and emerging studies are beginning to draw important connections between the two. Let’s take a closer look at the relationship between EDS and neurodivergence, and why this matters for both diagnosis and treatment.
What Is Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome?
Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (EDS) refers to a group of genetic disorders that affect connective tissue — the stuff that supports skin, joints, blood vessels, and organs. The most common type is Hypermobile EDS (hEDS), characterized by:
- Joint hypermobility (joints that bend more than usual)
- Chronic pain
- Fatigue
- Gastrointestinal issues
- Skin that bruises or stretches easily
- Autonomic dysfunction (like dizziness or fainting upon standing)
EDS is often underdiagnosed or misdiagnosed, especially in women and children, despite its significant impact on quality of life.
The Overlap with Autism and ADHD
Recent research and anecdotal evidence point to a significant overlap between EDS and neurodevelopmental conditions, particularly autism and ADHD. Although exact statistics vary, some studies have found that up to 50% of individuals with EDS or hypermobility report traits or diagnoses consistent with ADHD or autism.
So what’s driving this correlation?
- Shared Neurological Pathways: There may be shared genetic or neurological factors that affect both connective tissue and brain development. While this link isn’t fully understood yet, it’s an area of active study.
- Sensory Sensitivities: People with EDS often report heightened sensory experiences — sensitivity to pain, touch, light, or sound. These sensory differences closely mirror those seen in autism and ADHD.
- Autonomic Nervous System Dysregulation: Many individuals with EDS experience dysautonomia, which impacts heart rate, digestion, and temperature regulation. These symptoms can overlap with or mimic common challenges in ADHD and autism, such as emotional dysregulation, interoception differences, and anxiety.
- Chronic Pain and Fatigue: These symptoms can exacerbate executive functioning difficulties, attention issues, and emotional dysregulation — core features of both ADHD and autism.
Implications for Diagnosis and Treatment
If you’re a parent, educator, or healthcare provider, it’s important to know that physical symptoms like chronic joint pain, clumsiness, GI issues, and fatigue may not be “just medical” — they could be part of a larger neurodevelopmental profile.
For clinicians, being aware of the potential link between EDS and neurodivergence can improve:
- Comprehensive assessment: A full developmental and medical history may reveal connective tissue concerns in patients being evaluated for autism or ADHD.
- Interdisciplinary care: Collaboration with geneticists, physical therapists, and cardiologists may be necessary for holistic care.
- Tailored interventions: Sensory supports, pacing strategies, accommodations for fatigue and pain, and nervous system regulation techniques can be key components of effective treatment.
Supporting the Whole Person
At PsychologyWorks, PLLC, we are committed to looking beyond the labels and treating the whole person. For many neurodivergent individuals, especially those with EDS, validation and understanding can be just as healing as any therapy or medication.
If you or a loved one is navigating the challenges of autism, ADHD, or Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome, know that you’re not alone — and that support exists from providers who understand how all the pieces fit together.
Need Support?
Our team specializes in evaluations and ongoing support for autism, ADHD, and co-occurring conditions like EDS. Contact us today to learn how we can help.
Sources/Further Reading:
- Casanova, E. L., et al. (2020). “Autistic traits in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.”
- Bulbena, A., et al. (2017). “Joint hypermobility syndrome is associated with anxiety and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in adolescents.”
- Tinkle, B. T., et al. (2017). “Hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (a.k.a. EDS Type III): Clinical description and natural history.”